Texas Equine Veterinary Association Publications
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www.texasequineva.com • 22 be in the form of short periods of turnout (i.e., 30 minutes to two hours) or a grazing muzzle can be applied so that the horse can only consume a controlled amount of grass. Lush green pastures should still be avoided in horses that have a history of ID. 1,3 ADDITIONAL NOTES – Although there is no concrete evidence that proves corticosteroids induce laminitis, corticosteroids should still be used with caution in any horse with suspected or confirmed ID. References 1. Frank N, Bailey S, Bertin FR, de Laat M, Durham A, Kritchevksy J, Menzies-Gow N. Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). Equine Endocrinology Group. June 2020. 2. Lewis SL, Holl HM, Streeter C, Posbergh C, Schanbacher BJ, Place NJ, Mallicote MF, Long MT, Brooks SA. Genomewide association study reveals a risk locus for equine metabolic syndrome in the Arabian horse. J Anim Sci. 2017 Mar;95(3):1071- 1079. 3. Durham AE, Frank N, McGowan CM, et al. ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2019;33:335-349. 4. Schott H, Andrews F, Durham A, Frank N, Kritchevsky J, McFarlane D, Stewart A. Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID). Equine Endocrinology Group. June 2019. 5. Sessions-Bresnahan DR, Carnevale EM. The effect of equine metabolic syndrome on the ovarian follicular environment. J Anim Sci. 2014 Apr;92(4):1485-94. 6. Burns TA. Effects of Common Equine Endocrine Diseases on Reproduction. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2016 Dec;32(3):435-449. 7. Bailey SR, Habershon-Butcher JL, Ransom KJ, et al. Hypertension and insulin resistance in a mixed-breed population of ponies predisposed to laminitis. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69: 122– 129. 8. Heliczer N, Gerber V, Bruckmaier R, van der Kolk JH, de Solis CN. Cardiovascular findings in ponies with equine metabolic syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2017 May 1;250(9):1027-1035. 9. Coleman MC, Whitfield-Cargile CM, Madrigal RG, Cohen ND. Comparison of the microbiome, metabolome, and lipidome of obese and non-obese horses. PLoS One. 2019 Apr 23;14(4):e0215918. 10. Bertin FR, Taylor SD, Bianco AW, Sojka-Kritchevsky JE. The effect of fasting duration on baseline blood glucose concentration, blood insulin concentration, glucose/insulin ratio, oral sugar test, and insulin response test results in horses. J Vet Intern Med. 2016; 30(5): 1726-1731. 11. Knowles EJ, Harris PA, Elliott J, Menzies-Gow NJ. Use of the oral sugar test in ponies when performed with or without prior fasting. Equine Vet J. 2017; 49(4): 519-524. 12. Van Eps AW, Burns TA. Are There Shared Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Different Clinical Forms of Laminitis and What Are the Implications for Prevention and Treatment? Vet Clinics N Am. 2019; 35(2): 379-398. 13. O'Grady SE. Farriery for chronic laminitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2010; 26(2): 407-423.