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Pumping System—In neon tube production, the pumping system is used to remove impurities from the tubes and fi ll them with rare gases. A pumping system typically consists of a manifold, vacuum pumps, rare gases, a bombarder and electrical controllers. Push Software—Software that pushes news and information from a broadcast server to a media player client. Push technology can be used to deliver vital information to screens without the player asking. Push-Through—A letter or graphic that is cut out, then pushed through a corresponding space that has been removed from the sign substrate. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)—The most common form of plastic in use today. PVC is extruded or cast as sheets, tubing or fi lms. PVC fi lms are commonly referred to as vinyl. Pylon—Any free-standing sign that is not a pole or ground sign. Q Queue—An electronic holding area, usually in random-access memory (RAM) or on a hard drive, where data waits before being sent to a printer for output. Synonymous with spooler. R Raceway—A metal structure enclosing the electric components of a sign. RAM (Random Access Memory)—The high- speed portion of a computer's data storage that is held on special chips for use in current applications or procedures. RAM is said to be volatile if the stored information is lost when power is disrupted. Raster Image—An image created by a collection of pixels arranged in a rectangular way. Rasterization—The process of translating data into a bitmap pattern for output by a digital printing device. Readability—The quality of a sign's overall design that allows the viewer to correctly interpret the information presented on it, and the optimum time and distance in which this can be done. Letter size and style, color contrast between the letters and background, and a sign's layout all contribute to readability. Reclaiming—In screen printing, the removal of a stencil from the screen mesh so it can be used again. Refl ective—The ability of a surface to return some or all of the wavelengths of light that strike it. Refl ective Sheeting—Film with very small glass or glass-like materials encapsulated below its surface, creating the ability to bounce light beams back to its source. Registration—In screen printing, the correct placement of the image to be printed on the substrate. In multi-color printing, registration also refers to the correct alignment of the colors with one another. Regulation—In neon and LED signage, to maintain a constant output level of voltage (or current in some supplies) regardless of input voltage changes and/or output load changes. Regulatory Signs—Signs installed by various government bodies to acquaint the public with traffi c laws and other regulations. Relief—The projection of art from a fl at surface. Remote Control—A method for changing the messages on electronic changeable copy signs where the data is provided to the control console by telephone. Resampling—Changing the resolution of a bitmap image fi le without altering the image's physical size. Resin Transfer—Method of heating a color on a carrier sheet (called a ribbon or foil) and printing it onto a substrate. The plastic-based resin is fused onto a material such as vinyl, creating a more- permanent image with waterfastness and UV protection. Resistance—A property of most conductors (wires) that restricts the fl ow of an electrical current. Resistor—The electronic equivalent of a fi xed valve–available in a wide range of values. Resize—To change the reproduction size of an image so prints can be made smaller or larger. Signifi cant up-sizing often results in jaggies. Resolution—The degree of crispness/clarity of an image. In digital imaging, resolution is measured by the number of pixels (or dots) of color information per horizontal inch of an image; the higher the number (measured horizontally and vertically) the more precise the pictured image. In plotting, resolution is the degree of accuracy that a plotter will place a knife-head in relation to a theoretical, perfect location of a coordinate. Retainer—In sign making, the slotted portion of the edge that holds a translucent face within a sign cabinet. Also, the projecting rim around a sign face that holds it in place. Retarder—An additive that slows the drying time of ink or paint. Reverse Channel Letter—A channel letter that has a face and sides but no back. It is pegged out from a background surface. When the inside of the channel is lit, it produced a halo effect around the letter. Revolving Sign—A sign which has the ability to turn 360 degrees because of the presence of an electric motor to drive its moveable parts. All or a portion of the sign may revolve at a steady or variable speed depending on the sign. RGB (Red, Green, Blue)—The three primary additive colors used by monitors and scanners for transferring and representing color data. In digital imaging most input and display are seen in RGB, while printed output is created using subtractive CMYK colors. RGB Display—Any high-quality electronic screen display that makes use of primary RGB colors to produce a full-color display. For example, some electronic message centers achieve full color by utilizing red, green and blue LEDs. RIP (Raster Image Processor)—Software used to create and place dots (or bitmaps) for printing, and then transferring that information to a printer. Mid-June 2012 83