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5 Copyright ©2013 Sefaira Ltd. PER FOR MANCE BASED DESIGN: E XECUTING THE VISION Study the Impact of Design Changes As the design moves through Design Development and Technical Documentation, design changes inevitably arise. These may come from client requests, coordination with consultants, value engineering exercises, or a myriad of other sources. Architects can use performance analysis to quickly evaluate the impact of these changes. This can result in clearer communication, faster decision-making, and a better understanding of trade-offs that result from changes. For example, say we are considering removing the shading devices from our design for cost reasons. We analyzed the building with shading removed, and found that annual energy use increased by 4% and peak cooling load increased by 31%. The additional cooling loads would require a larger mechanical system, with its attendant costs and required rework. We also explored a second alternative: removing shading, but improving the glazing specifications to reduce solar gain. Our analysis showed that this option still meant a 10% increase in peak cooling and 3% increase in energy use. When combined with cost estimates, these results painted a clear picture of the available options and allowed a decision to be made quickly and efficiently. In this case, removing shading resulted in less than 1% savings on con- struction cost (because of the increased cost of mechanical systems); and substituting high-performance windows actually increased construction cost. After evaluating the trade-offs, the client decided to keep the original design. This type of rapid feedback can save time, reduce performance-related rework, and lead to a more satisfying experi- ence for both the design team and their client. Energy Use 2,202,964 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 749,607 lbsCO 2 4,164 lbsCO 2 /person High Performance Envelope Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,291,532 kBTU 24 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 806,727 lbsCO 2 4,482 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,271,858 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 770,323 lbsCO 2 4,280 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading + Improved SHGC Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,202,964 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 749,607 lbsCO 2 4,164 lbsCO 2 /person High Performance Envelope Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) Energy Use 2,291,532 kBTU 24 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 806,727 lbsCO 2 4,482 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) Energy Use 2,271,858 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 770,323 lbsCO 2 4,280 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading + Improved SHGC Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) Energy Use 2,202,964 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 749,607 lbsCO 2 4,164 lbsCO 2 /person High Performance Envelope Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,291,532 kBTU 24 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 806,727 lbsCO 2 4,482 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,271,858 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 770,323 lbsCO 2 4,280 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading + Improved SHGC Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,202,964 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 749,607 lbsCO 2 4,164 lbsCO 2 /person High Performance Envelope Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) Energy Use 2,291,532 kBTU 24 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 806,727 lbsCO 2 4,482 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) Energy Use 2,271,858 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 770,323 lbsCO 2 4,280 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading + Improved SHGC Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) Energy Use 2,202,964 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 749,607 lbsCO 2 4,164 lbsCO 2 /person High Performance Envelope Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,291,532 kBTU 24 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 806,727 lbsCO 2 4,482 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,271,858 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 770,323 lbsCO 2 4,280 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading + Improved SHGC Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) 20 40 60 80 ton Energy Use 2,202,964 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 749,607 lbsCO 2 4,164 lbsCO 2 /person High Performance Envelope Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) Energy Use 2,291,532 kBTU 24 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 806,727 lbsCO 2 4,482 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) Energy Use 2,271,858 kBTU 23 kBTU/ft 2 Water Use 1,152,214 gal 18 gal/person CO 2 Use 770,323 lbsCO 2 4,280 lbsCO 2 /person No Shading + Improved SHGC Massing: Massing 1 Energy Use Energy Footprint (kBTU) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 kBTU Lighting Cooling Hot Water Equipment Heating Peak Space Heating Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 10 20 30 40 ton Peak Demand Peak Space Cooling Demand (ton) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 0 20 40 60 80 ton Annual Estimated Utility Bill $1/ft 2 Uses of Energy (kBTU) BASE CASE (current design) SHADING REMOVED IMPROVED GLAZING (instead of shading) ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 24 kBTU / ft 2 ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST $20 million PEAK COOLING DEMAND 61 tons ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 4% ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST <1% PEAK COOLING DEMAND 31% ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 3% ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST 2% PEAK COOLING DEMAND 10% Fig. 3. Quick comparisons can help the team understand the impacts of design changes and proposed alternatives.

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