Whitepapers

LoRa Alliance ® Whitepaper Page 19 of 49 LoRaWAN ® Gateways Radio Coexistence Issues and Solutions Copyright ©2021 LoRa Alliance, Inc. All rights reserved. www.lora-alliance.org When colocated with other wide-area BS, the spurious emissions limits are: Figure 17: BS spurious emissions limits for wide-area BS colocated with another BS Figure 18: BS spurious emissions limits for medium-range BS colocated with another BS

• Cover
• 1 INTRODUCTION
• 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERFERENCE
• 2.1 RECEIVER DESENSITIZATION BASICS
• 2.2 OUT-OF-BAND BLOCKERS
• 2.3 IN-BAND BLOCKERS
• 2.4 RECEIVER LINEARITY
• 2.5 OUT-OF-BAND SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
• 2.6 TRANSMIT INTERMODULATION
• 3 COLOCATION WITH GSM/UMTS/LTE TRANSMITTERS
• 3.1 LoRaWAN COEXISTENCE ISSUES DUE TO CELLULAR NETWORKS
• 3.2 LoRa®/LTE ANTENNA ISOLATION
• 3.2.1 LTE BASE STATION ANTENNAS
• 3.2.2 6DBI LoRa ANTENNA
• 3.2.3 LoRa/LTE ANTENNA ISOLATION CALCULATION
• 3.3 OUT-OF-BAND SPURIOUS EMISSIONS GENERATED BY CELLULAR BASE STATIONS
• 3.3.1 LTE BASE STATION CLASSES
• 3.3.2 OUTPUT POWER/EIRP
• 3.3.3. ADJACENT CHANNEL LEAKAGE RATIO
• 3.3.4 OPERATING BAND UNWANTED EMISSIONS
• 3.3.5 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
• 3.3.6 REQUIRED ISOLATION BETWEEN ANTENNAS
• 3.4 BLOCKING OF LTE EMITTERS
• 3.5 OUT-OF-BAND SPURIOUS EMISSIONS GENERATED BY THE LoRaWAN EMITTER
• 3.6 INTERMODULATION OF LTE EMITTERS
• 3.7 TRANSMIT INTERMODULATION
• 3.7.1 EUROPEAN USE CASE
• 3.7.2 NORTH AMERICA USE CASE
• 3.7.3 APAC AND LATAM USE CASES
• 3.8 TOTAL POWER RECEIVED BY A LoRaWAN GATEWAY
• 3.9 SUMMARY
• 4 COLOCATION WITH OTHER LPWAN GATEWAYS
• 5 COLOCATION WITH A HIGH-POWER TRANSMITTER
• 5.1 LoRa/DVB-T ANTENNA ISOLATION
• 5.2 DVB-T/T2 OUT-OF-BAND SPURIOUS EMISSIONS
• 5.3 DVB-T/T2 OUTPUT POWER
• 6 LoRaWAN GATEWAY RADIO PERFORMANCE
• 7 CAVITY FILTERS
• 7.1 MAIN REQUIREMENTS
• 7.2 EMBEDDED OR EXTERNAL CAVITY FILTERS?
• 7.3 IMPACT OF CAVITY FILTERS ON LINK BUDGET
• 8 GATEWAY GNSS RECEIVER
• 9 GATEWAY CELLULAR BACKHAUL
• 10 GATEWAY ENCLOSURE AND SHIELDS
• 11 CONCLUSION
• 12 REFERENCES