Issue link: https://read.uberflip.com/i/1423190
LoRa Alliance ® Whitepaper Page 9 of 49 LoRaWAN ® Gateways Radio Coexistence Issues and Solutions Copyright ©2021 LoRa Alliance, Inc. All rights reserved. www.lora-alliance.org The most common LoRaWAN frequency bands used worldwide are: • 433MHz (Europe, Middle East, and Africa [EMEA]) • 863 – 870MHz (EMEA) • 902 – 915MHz (North America) • 915 – 928MHz (Latin America [LATAM] and Asia-Pacific [APAC]) However, it is important to note that unlicensed frequencies are country-specific. Although some zones (as described above) share similar frequency bands, some countries may have specific usage. This could relate to the allowed frequencies but also time on air, duty cycle, EIRP, etc. At the same time, the gateway communicates to the network server via a 3G or 4G backhaul operating in the 3GPP cellular bands. The LoRaWAN gateway may be also colocated with 3G or 4G base stations, sharing the same tower or mast. In the past years, the number of 3G and 4G bands has significantly increased. At the beginning of 2020, the number of LTE bands used worldwide exceeded 70, as detailed in [2]. The bands are mainly spread from 400MHz to 3800MHz. So, considering the overall picture of LoRaWAN bands and LTE bands, we have then a few LoRaWAN bands among a large number of LTE bands. When scrutinizing the bands, we can see that some LTE bands and LoRaWAN bands are very close to each other. The guard band is sometimes very limited (few MHz) or even reduced to null. Some examples are provided below, for different continents or countries (uplink [UL] and downlink [DL]): Zone/Countries Unlicensed Bands LTE UL Bands LTE DL Bands Europe 868 – 870MHz 832 – 862MHz (B20) 791 – 821MHz (B20) 863 – 873MHz 915 – 918MHz 880 – 915MHz (B8) 925 – 960MHz (B8) 915 – 921MHz North America 902 – 928MHz 824 – 849MHz (B5) 869 – 894MHz (B5) Australia/New Zealand 915 – 928MHz 880 – 915MHz (B8) 925 – 960MHz (B8) 825 – 845MHz (B5) 870 – 890MHz (B5) Asia/ Thailand, Taiwan, and Singapore 920 – 925MHz 885 – 915MHz (B8) 930 – 960MHz (B8) Asia/Malaysia 919 – 924MHz 880 – 915MHz (B8) 925 – 960MHz (B8)