Issue link: https://read.uberflip.com/i/1423193
9 2015 LoRa® Alliance Technical Marketing Workgroup WHAT IS LoRaWAN™? In a LoRaWAN™ network nodes are not associated with a specific gateway. Instead, data transmitted by a node is typically received by multiple gateways. Each gateway will forward the received packet from the end-node to the cloud-based network server via some backhaul (either cellular, Ethernet, satellite, or Wi-Fi). e intelligence and complexity is pushed to the network server, which manages the network and will filter redundant received packets, perform security checks, schedule acknowledgments through the optimal gateway, and perform adaptive data rate, etc. If a node is mobile or moving there is no handover needed from gateway to gateway, which is a critical feature to enable asset tracking applications–a major target application vertical for IoT. Battery Lifetime e nodes in a LoRaWAN™ network are asynchronous and communicate when they have data ready to send whether event-driven or scheduled. is type of protocol is typically referred to as the Aloha method. In a mesh network or with a synchronous network, such as cellular, the nodes frequently have to 'wake up' to synchronize with the network and check for messages. is synchronization consumes significant energy and is the number one driver of battery lifetime reduction. In a recent study and comparison done by GSMA of the various technologies addressing the LPWAN space, LoRaWAN™ showed a 3 to 5 times advantage compared to all other technology options. Network Capacity In order to make a long range star network viable, the gateway must have a very high capacity or capability to receive messages from a very high volume of nodes. High network capacity in a LoRaWAN™ network is achieved by utilizing adaptive data rate and by using a multichannel multi-modem transceiver in the gateway so that simultaneous messages on multiple channels can be received. e critical factors effecting capacity are the number of concurrent channels, data rate (time on air), the payload length, and how oen nodes transmit. Since LoRa® is a spread spectrum- based modulation, the signals are practically orthogonal to each other when different spreading factors are utilized. As the spreading factor changes, the effective data rate also changes. e gateway takes advantage of this property by being able to receive multiple different data rates on the same channel at the same time. If a node has a