Issue link: https://read.uberflip.com/i/1423193
14 2015 LoRa® Alliance Technical Marketing Workgroup LoRaWAN™ Hybrid mode for North America Most people are familiar with the frequency hopping requirements for FCC, which require greater than 50 channels to be utilized equally in the ISM band. LoRaWAN™ is defined with more than 50 channels to take advantage of the available spectrum and allow maximum output power. LoRa® modulation qualifies as a digital modulation technique so it is exempt from having to comply with all the frequency hopping requirements specified by FCC under a Hybrid mode of operation. In Hybrid mode, the maximum output power is limited to +21dBm and only a subset of eight channels out of the 64 uplink channels is utilized under Hybrid mode. From the FCC: "A hybrid system uses both digital modulation and frequency hopping techniques at the same time on the same carrier. As shown in Section 15.247(f ), a hybrid system must comply with the power density standard of 8 dBm in any 3 kHz band when the frequency hopping function is turned off. e transmission also must comply with a 0.4 second / channel maximum dwell time when the hopping function is turned on. ere is no requirement for this type of hybrid system to comply with the 500 kHz minimum bandwidth normally associated with a DTS transmission; and, there is no minimum number of hopping channels associated with this type of hybrid system."