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LoRaWAN 1.1 Specification ©2017 LoRa Alliance™ Page 4 of 101 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. 6.2.1 Join procedure.................................................................................................. 52 119 6.2.2 Join-request message ...................................................................................... 52 120 6.2.3 Join-accept message........................................................................................ 53 121 6.2.4 ReJoin-request message .................................................................................. 57 122 6.2.5 Key derivation diagram ..................................................................................... 61 123 6.3 Activation by Personalization ................................................................................. 64 124 7 Retransmissions back-off ........................................................................................... 65 125 Class B – Beacon ............................................................................................................... 66 126 8 Introduction to Class B ............................................................................................... 67 127 9 Principle of synchronous network initiated downlink (Class-B option) ......................... 68 128 10 Uplink frame in Class B mode .................................................................................... 71 129 11 Downlink Ping frame format (Class B option) ............................................................. 72 130 11.1 Physical frame format ............................................................................................ 72 131 11.2 Unicast & Multicast MAC messages ....................................................................... 72 132 11.2.1 Unicast MAC message format .......................................................................... 72 133 11.2.2 Multicast MAC message format ........................................................................ 72 134 12 Beacon acquisition and tracking ................................................................................. 73 135 12.1 Minimal beacon-less operation time ....................................................................... 73 136 12.2 Extension of beacon-less operation upon reception ............................................... 73 137 12.3 Minimizing timing drift ............................................................................................. 73 138 13 Class B Downlink slot timing ...................................................................................... 74 139 13.1 Definitions .............................................................................................................. 74 140 13.2 Slot randomization ................................................................................................. 75 141 14 Class B MAC commands ........................................................................................... 76 142 14.1 PingSlotInfoReq ..................................................................................................... 76 143 14.2 BeaconFreqReq ..................................................................................................... 77 144 14.3 PingSlotChannelReq .............................................................................................. 78 145 14.4 BeaconTimingReq & BeaconTimingAns ................................................................. 79 146 15 Beaconing (Class B option) ........................................................................................ 80 147 15.1 Beacon physical layer ............................................................................................ 80 148 15.2 Beacon frame content ............................................................................................ 80 149 15.3 Beacon GwSpecific field format .............................................................................. 81 150 15.3.1 Gateway GPS coordinate:InfoDesc = 0, 1 or 2 ................................................. 82 151 15.4 Beaconing precise timing ....................................................................................... 82 152 15.5 Network downlink route update requirements ......................................................... 82 153 16 Class B unicast & multicast downlink channel frequencies ......................................... 84 154 16.1 Single channel beacon transmission ...................................................................... 84 155 16.2 Frequency-hopping beacon transmission ............................................................... 84 156 Class C – Continuously listening ......................................................................................... 85 157 17 Class C: Continuously listening end-device................................................................ 86 158 17.1 Second receive window duration for Class C ......................................................... 86 159 17.2 Class C Multicast downlinks ................................................................................... 87 160 18 Class C MAC command ............................................................................................. 88 161 18.1 Device Mode (DeviceModeInd, DeviceModeConf) ................................................. 88 162 Support information ............................................................................................................. 89 163 19 Examples and Application Information ....................................................................... 90 164 19.1 Uplink Timing Diagram for Confirmed Data Messages ........................................... 90 165 19.2 Downlink Diagram for Confirmed Data Messages .................................................. 90 166 19.3 Downlink Timing for Frame-Pending Messages ..................................................... 91 167 20 Recommendation on contract to be provided to the network server by the end- 168 device provider at the time of provisioning .......................................................................... 93 169 21 Recommendation on finding the locally used channels .............................................. 94 170 22 Revisions ................................................................................................................... 95 171

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