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LoRaWAN Specification ©2016 LoRa™ Alliance Page 3 of 70 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. Contents 1 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 6 2 1.1 LoRaWAN Classes .................................................................................................. 6 3 1.2 Conventions ............................................................................................................. 7 4 2 Introduction on LoRaWAN options ............................................................................... 8 5 2.1 LoRaWAN Classes .................................................................................................. 8 6 2.2 Specification scope .................................................................................................. 9 7 Class A – All end-devices ................................................................................................... 10 8 3 Physical Message Formats ........................................................................................ 11 9 3.1 Uplink Messages .................................................................................................... 11 10 3.2 Downlink Messages ............................................................................................... 11 11 3.3 Receive Windows................................................................................................... 11 12 3.3.1 First receive window channel, data rate, and start ............................................ 12 13 3.3.2 Second receive window channel, data rate, and start ....................................... 12 14 3.3.3 Receive window duration .................................................................................. 12 15 3.3.4 Receiver activity during the receive windows .................................................... 12 16 3.3.5 Network sending a message to an end-device ................................................. 12 17 3.3.6 Important notice on receive windows ................................................................ 13 18 3.3.7 Receiving or transmitting other protocols .......................................................... 13 19 4 MAC Message Formats ............................................................................................. 14 20 4.1 MAC Layer (PHYPayload) ...................................................................................... 14 21 4.2 MAC Header (MHDR field) ..................................................................................... 14 22 4.2.1 Message type (MType bit field) ......................................................................... 15 23 4.2.2 Major version of data message (Major bit field) ................................................ 15 24 4.3 MAC Payload of Data Messages (MACPayload) .................................................... 16 25 4.3.1 Frame header (FHDR) ...................................................................................... 16 26 4.3.2 Port field (FPort) ............................................................................................... 19 27 4.3.3 MAC Frame Payload Encryption (FRMPayload) ............................................... 20 28 4.4 Message Integrity Code (MIC)................................................................................ 20 29 5 MAC Commands........................................................................................................ 21 30 5.1 Link Check commands (LinkCheckReq, LinkCheckAns) ........................................ 22 31 5.2 Link ADR commands (LinkADRReq, LinkADRAns) ................................................ 22 32 5.3 End-Device Transmit Duty Cycle (DutyCycleReq, DutyCycleAns) .......................... 25 33 5.4 Receive Windows Parameters (RXParamSetupReq, RXParamSetupAns) ............ 25 34 5.5 End-Device Status (DevStatusReq, DevStatusAns) ............................................... 26 35 5.6 Creation / Modification of a Channel (NewChannelReq, NewChannelAns, 36 DlChannelReq, DlChannelAns) .............................................................................. 26 37 5.7 Setting delay between TX and RX (RXTimingSetupReq, RXTimingSetupAns) ...... 29 38 5.8 End-device transmission parameters (TxParamSetupReq, TxParamSetupAns) .... 29 39 6 End-Device Activation ................................................................................................ 31 40 6.1 Data Stored in the End-device after Activation ....................................................... 31 41 6.1.1 End-device address (DevAddr) ......................................................................... 31 42 6.1.2 Application identifier (AppEUI) .......................................................................... 31 43 6.1.3 Network session key (NwkSKey) ...................................................................... 31 44 6.1.4 Application session key (AppSKey) .................................................................. 31 45 6.2 Over-the-Air Activation ........................................................................................... 32 46 6.2.1 End-device identifier (DevEUI) ......................................................................... 32 47 6.2.2 Application key (AppKey) ................................................................................. 32 48 6.2.3 Join procedure.................................................................................................. 32 49 6.2.4 Join-request message ...................................................................................... 32 50

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