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LoRaWAN Specification ©2016 LoRa™ Alliance Page 3 of 91 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. Contents 1 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 8 2 1.1 LoRaWAN Classes .................................................................................................. 8 3 1.2 Conventions ............................................................................................................. 9 4 2 Introduction on LoRaWAN options ............................................................................. 10 5 2.1 LoRaWAN Classes ................................................................................................ 10 6 2.2 Specification scope ................................................................................................ 11 7 Class A – All end-devices ................................................................................................... 12 8 3 Physical Message Formats ........................................................................................ 13 9 3.1 Uplink Messages .................................................................................................... 13 10 3.2 Downlink Messages ............................................................................................... 13 11 3.3 Receive Windows................................................................................................... 13 12 3.3.1 First receive window channel, data rate, and start ............................................ 14 13 3.3.2 Second receive window channel, data rate, and start ....................................... 14 14 3.3.3 Receive window duration .................................................................................. 14 15 3.3.4 Receiver activity during the receive windows .................................................... 14 16 3.3.5 Network sending a message to an end-device ................................................. 14 17 3.3.6 Important notice on receive windows ................................................................ 14 18 3.3.7 Receiving or transmitting other protocols .......................................................... 14 19 4 MAC Message Formats ............................................................................................. 15 20 4.1 MAC Layer (PHYPayload) ...................................................................................... 15 21 4.2 MAC Header (MHDR field) ..................................................................................... 15 22 4.2.1 Message type (MType bit field) ......................................................................... 16 23 4.2.2 Major version of data message (Major bit field) ................................................ 16 24 4.3 MAC Payload of Data Messages (MACPayload) .................................................... 17 25 4.3.1 Frame header (FHDR) ...................................................................................... 17 26 4.3.2 Port field (FPort) ............................................................................................... 20 27 4.3.3 MAC Frame Payload Encryption (FRMPayload) ............................................... 20 28 4.4 Message Integrity Code (MIC)................................................................................ 21 29 5 MAC Commands........................................................................................................ 22 30 5.1 Link Check commands (LinkCheckReq, LinkCheckAns) ........................................ 23 31 5.2 Link ADR commands (LinkADRReq, LinkADRAns) ................................................ 23 32 5.3 End-Device Transmit Duty Cycle (DutyCycleReq, DutyCycleAns) .......................... 25 33 5.4 Receive Windows Parameters (RXParamSetupReq, RXParamSetupAns) ............ 26 34 5.5 End-Device Status (DevStatusReq, DevStatusAns) ............................................... 27 35 5.6 Creation / Modification of a Channel (NewChannelReq, NewChannelAns) ............ 27 36 5.7 Setting delay between TX and RX (RXTimingSetupReq, RXTimingSetupAns) ...... 28 37 6 End-Device Activation ................................................................................................ 30 38 6.1 Data Stored in the End-device after Activation ....................................................... 30 39 6.1.1 End-device address (DevAddr) ......................................................................... 30 40 6.1.2 Application identifier (AppEUI) .......................................................................... 30 41 6.1.3 Network session key (NwkSKey) ...................................................................... 30 42 6.1.4 Application session key (AppSKey) .................................................................. 30 43 6.2 Over-the-Air Activation ........................................................................................... 30 44 6.2.1 End-device identifier (DevEUI) ......................................................................... 31 45 6.2.2 Application key (AppKey) ................................................................................. 31 46 6.2.3 Join procedure.................................................................................................. 31 47 6.2.4 Join-request message ...................................................................................... 31 48 6.2.5 Join-accept message........................................................................................ 32 49 6.3 Activation by Personalization ................................................................................. 33 50

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