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LoRaWAN ® Relay Specification TS011-1.0.0 ©2022 LoRa Alliance ® Page 3 of 60 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. Contents 73 1 Conventions ................................................................................................................. 7 74 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 8 75 3 Principle of Operation .................................................................................................. 9 76 3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................. 9 77 3.2 Wake On Radio (WOR) .......................................................................................... 11 78 3.2.1 Channel Scan ................................................................................................... 11 79 3.2.2 Default Channel ................................................................................................ 13 80 3.2.3 Second Channel ............................................................................................... 13 81 3.2.4 WOR Reception ............................................................................................... 13 82 3.3 Wake On Radio Acknowledge (WOR ACK) ............................................................ 14 83 3.4 LoRaWAN Uplink ................................................................................................... 14 84 3.5 Message Forwarding .............................................................................................. 15 85 3.6 RXR Window .......................................................................................................... 15 86 3.7 WOR Timing .......................................................................................................... 15 87 3.7.1 WOR Relay Join-Request Timing ..................................................................... 15 88 3.7.2 WOR Relay Class A Uplink Timing ................................................................... 15 89 3.8 Message Sequence Overview ................................................................................ 17 90 3.9 Synchronization State ............................................................................................ 18 91 4 Security ...................................................................................................................... 20 92 4.1 Root Relay Session Key (RootWorSKey) .............................................................. 20 93 4.2 WOR Integrity Session Key (WorSIntKey) ........................................................... 20 94 4.3 WOR Encryption Session Key (WorSEncKey) ....................................................... 20 95 4.4 RootWorSKey Key Derivation .............................................................................. 20 96 4.5 WorSIntKey and WorSEncKey Key Derivation .................................................... 21 97 5 Wake On Radio Detail ............................................................................................... 22 98 5.1 Physical Parameters .............................................................................................. 22 99 5.2 Preamble Length .................................................................................................... 22 100 5.3 Payload Format ...................................................................................................... 22 101 5.3.1 WOR Relay Join-Request ................................................................................ 23 102 5.3.2 WOR Relay Class A Uplink .............................................................................. 23 103 6 WOR ACK Detail........................................................................................................ 25 104 6.1 Physical Parameters .............................................................................................. 25 105 6.2 Payload Format ...................................................................................................... 25 106 7 RXR Window ............................................................................................................. 28 107 7.1 Physical Parameters .............................................................................................. 28 108 7.2 Window Opening Condition .................................................................................... 28 109 8 Message Forwarding ................................................................................................. 29 110 8.1 Uplink Encapsulation .............................................................................................. 29 111 8.2 Uplink Forwarding Timing ....................................................................................... 29 112 8.3 Uplink Maximum Payload Size ............................................................................... 29 113 8.4 Downlink Encapsulation ......................................................................................... 30 114 8.5 Downlink Maximum Payload Size .......................................................................... 30 115 8.6 Forward/Filter Join-Request ................................................................................... 30 116 8.7 Notify Standard Class A Uplink .............................................................................. 31 117 8.8 Forwarding Limitations ........................................................................................... 31 118 9 Forwarded Message Protocol .................................................................................... 33 119 9.1 Forward Uplink from an End-Device (ForwardUplinkReq) ...................................... 33 120 9.2 Downlink to a Relay for Further Forwarding (ForwardDownlinkReq) ...................... 34 121 10 Relay MAC Commands.............................................................................................. 35 122 10.1 Update Relay Configuration (RelayConfReq, RelayConfAns) ................................ 35 123 10.2 Update End-Device Configuration (EndDeviceConfReq, EndDeviceConfAns) ....... 37 124

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