62 Ibid.
63 According to one of our interviews.
64 Eurostat. "Gender pay gap statistics." Eurostat, February 2021 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.
php?title=Gender_pay_gap_statistics
65 Klugman, Jeni, and Kabir, Raiyan. "Unlocking Refugee Women's Potential." Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security, July
2019, www.giwps.georgetown.edu/resource/unlocking-refugee-womens-potential/
66 Survey was conducted in March 2017.
67 Note: not all countries in Europe offer government subsidies for hiring refugees.
68 Baic, Alexander, et al. "How 300 Companies Integrated 2,500 Refugees into Germany's Labor Market." BCG, 30 May 2017, www.bcg.
com/publications/2017/social-impact-employment-companies-integrated-refugees-germany-labor-market
69 Kremer Machine System is a specialist in industrial assembly.
70 Job search assistance programmes provide more intensive assistance than other available programmes by supporting job seekers
via career guidance, coaching and professional development courses. By contrast, other programmes only provide direct support to
match job seekers to existing vacancies.
71 More specifically, these include newly arrived immigrants who have received residence permits as refugees or are in need of
protection, as well as their families.
72 Helgesson, Petter, et al. "'Equal Entry' to the Swedish labour market for migrant women." Arbetsförmedlingen, 8 December 2020, www.
arbetsformedlingen.se/download/18.7887697f1763d9e8096762/1607608859722/af-analys-can-jsa-increase-employment-for-
newly-arrived-immigrant-women.pdf
73 Baic, Alexander, et al. (2017).
74 Heisig, Jan Paul. "Measuring the signaling value of educational degrees: secondary education systems and the internal
homogeneity of educational groups." Large-Scale Assessment in Education, vol. 6, no. 9, 4 September 2018, https://
largescaleassessmentsineducation.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40536-018-0062-1
75 "Case Study: Volkswagen's Hiring and Training Initiatives for Refugees in Germany." YouTube, uploaded by Tent Partnership for
Refugees, 18 March 2021, www.youtube.com/watch?v=eg3kXb6lvj4&t=820s
76 Interviews with several NGOs.
77 Note: H&M suppliers operated this training programme for refugee women in Turkey.
78 Liebig, Thomas, and Tronstad, Kristian Rose "Triple Disadvantage? : A first overview of the integration of refugee women.", OECD, 30
August 2018, www.doi.org/10.1787/3f3a9612-en
79 For more information on the survey methodology, please refer to the following website: https://fdz.iab.de/en/FDZ_Individual_Data/iab-
bamf-soep.aspx
64
E M P LOY M E N T A N D I N T E G R AT I O N I N E U RO P E | H OW B U S I N ES S ES CA N H I R E R E F U G E E WO M E N A N D GA I N A TA L E N T E D WO R K FO RC E
