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2023 Annual review Employment and Social Developments in Europe Addressing labour shortages and skills gaps in the EU

• 2023_ESDE_cover_revised
• Publication ESDE_final
• Main economic, labour market and social developments
• Labour shortages and changing skills needs in the EU
• Measures to alleviate persistent shortages
• 1. Introduction (0F )
• 2. Macroeconomic Developments and Forecast
• 3. Labour Market Developments
• 3.1. Employment trends
• 3.2. Unemployment rates
• 3.3. Labour market participation
• 3.4. Labour shortages
• 3.5. Adult learning and skills
• 4. Social Situation, Poverty, and Income Developments
• 4.1. Income and consumption trends
• 4.2. Income inequality
• 4.3. Risk of poverty and social exclusion
• 5. Conclusions
• 1. Introduction (97F )
• 2. Labour shortages, including skills shortages, in the EU
• 2.1. Identifying persistent labour shortages and their skills needs
• 2.2. Future labour shortages
• 3. The twin transition and changing skills needs
• 3.1. Impact of green transition on labour and skills shortages
• 3.2. Labour and skills shortages in the digital age
• 4. Impact of population ageing and labour force participation on labour shortages
• 4.1. Population ageing
• 4.2. Untapped labour potential to fill existing shortages
• 5. Labour shortages in a gender-segregated economy
• 6. Migrant employment in occupations with labour shortages
• 7. Employment and working conditions in sectors and occupations with persistent labour shortages
• 8. Conclusions
• 1. INTRODUCTION (291F )
• 2. Supporting labour market participation
• 2.1. Tax-benefit systems supporting activation (293F )
• 2.2. Access and affordability of childcare services to support labour market activation
• 3. ASSESSMENT OF POLICIES TO ADDRESS SKILL SHORTAGES AND IMPROVE MATCHING
• 3.1. Macroeconomic effects of improvements in skills matching at regional level (327F )
• 3.2. Geographical inequalities in accessibility of PES (331F )
• 3.3. What works and for whom? Training programmes to help address skills shortages
• 3.4. Building labour market resilience: anticipating and matching skills policies
• 3.5. Building skills anticipation and intelligence into skills governance systems
• 3.6. Selected examples of targeted support for skills development at EU level
• 4. Reducing labour and skills shortages through migration
• 5. Role of social partners in addressing labour and skills shortages
• 6. Conclusions
• Definitions and data sources of main indicators
• ESDE last pages