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Radio How the LoRa radio communicates Wireless IoT platform Open standard Wireless modulation technique uses Chirp Spread Spectrum Media Access Control (MAC) layer controls the LoRa radio Encodes sensor data on radio waves using chirp pulses Manages the flow of sensor data Physical layer (OSI model Layer 1) Data link layer (OSI model Layer 2) LoRa ® LoRaWAN ® LoRa ® and LoRaWAN ® What's the difference? Application Layer LoRaWAN ® Link Layer LoRaWAN ® Regional Parameters Application Layer LoRaWAN ® Link Layer LoRaWAN ® Backend Layers LoRa ® Physical Layer DEVICE GATEWAY NETWORK SERVER NETWORK SERVER (For Roaming) APPLICATION SERVER JOIN SERVER LoRaWAN Architecture Learn more about the LoRaWAN standard! Create Superior IoT Solutions • Security • Adaptive Data Rate • FUOTA • Relay • Roaming • LR-FHSS • IPv6 • Codec API The LoRa modulation technique sends small data packages that use low power while achieving long range data transfer. Using the LoRaWAN standard to manage data flow provides additional, critical features, including: The LoRaWAN ® link layer protocol from the LoRa Alliance ® combined with the LoRa radio offers critical benefits that the LoRa radio combined with proprietary protocols do not. Building proprietary protocols is both expensive and time- consuming. Furthermore, these protocols lack scalability. In contrast, LoRaWAN is not only scalable but also includes critical additional features. Benefits of LoRa ® Benefits of LoRaWAN ® the radio how the radio communicates

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