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LoRaWAN ® Relay Specification TS011-1.0.1 ©2024 LoRa Alliance ® Page 3 of 62 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. Contents 74 1 Conventions ................................................................................................................. 7 75 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 8 76 3 Principle of Operation .................................................................................................. 9 77 3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................. 9 78 3.2 Wake On Radio (WOR) .......................................................................................... 11 79 3.2.1 Channel Scan ................................................................................................... 11 80 3.2.2 Default Channel ................................................................................................ 13 81 3.2.3 Second Channel ............................................................................................... 13 82 3.2.4 WOR Reception ............................................................................................... 13 83 3.3 Wake On Radio Acknowledge (WOR ACK) ............................................................ 14 84 3.4 LoRaWAN Uplink ................................................................................................... 14 85 3.5 Message Forwarding .............................................................................................. 15 86 3.6 RXR Window .......................................................................................................... 15 87 3.7 WOR Timing .......................................................................................................... 15 88 3.7.1 WOR Relay Join-Request Timing ..................................................................... 15 89 3.7.2 WOR Relay Class A Uplink Timing ................................................................... 15 90 3.8 Message Sequence Overview ................................................................................ 17 91 3.9 Synchronization State ............................................................................................ 18 92 4 Security ...................................................................................................................... 20 93 4.1 Root Relay Session Key (RootWorSKey) .............................................................. 20 94 4.2 WOR Integrity Session Key (WorSIntKey) ........................................................... 20 95 4.3 WOR Encryption Session Key (WorSEncKey) ....................................................... 20 96 4.4 RootWorSKey Key Derivation .............................................................................. 20 97 4.5 WorSIntKey and WorSEncKey Key Derivation .................................................... 21 98 5 Wake On Radio Detail ............................................................................................... 22 99 5.1 Physical Parameters .............................................................................................. 22 100 5.2 Preamble Length .................................................................................................... 22 101 5.3 Payload Format ...................................................................................................... 22 102 5.3.1 WOR Relay Join-Request ................................................................................ 23 103 5.3.2 WOR Relay Class A Uplink .............................................................................. 23 104 6 WOR ACK Detail........................................................................................................ 26 105 6.1 Physical Parameters .............................................................................................. 26 106 6.2 Payload Format ...................................................................................................... 26 107 7 RXR Window ............................................................................................................. 29 108 7.1 Physical Parameters .............................................................................................. 29 109 7.2 Window Opening Condition .................................................................................... 29 110 8 Message Forwarding ................................................................................................. 30 111 8.1 Uplink Encapsulation .............................................................................................. 30 112 8.2 Uplink Forwarding Timing ....................................................................................... 30 113 8.3 Uplink Maximum Payload Size ............................................................................... 30 114 8.4 Downlink Encapsulation ......................................................................................... 31 115 8.5 Downlink Maximum Payload Size .......................................................................... 31 116 8.6 Forward/Filter Join-Request ................................................................................... 31 117 8.7 Notify Standard Class A Uplink .............................................................................. 32 118 8.8 Forwarding Limitations ........................................................................................... 32 119 9 Forwarded Message Protocol .................................................................................... 34 120 9.1 Forward Uplink from an End-Device (ForwardUplinkReq) ...................................... 34 121 9.2 Downlink to a Relay for Further Forwarding (ForwardDownlinkReq) ...................... 35 122 10 Relay MAC Commands.............................................................................................. 36 123 10.1 Update Relay Configuration (RelayConfReq, RelayConfAns) ................................ 36 124 10.2 Update End-Device Configuration (EndDeviceConfReq, EndDeviceConfAns) ....... 38 125

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