White Paper

WHITE PAPER Advancing Signal and Data Processing for Space Payloads mrcy.com 3 SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IN SPACE The economics of space payloads Space exploration has come a long way since the early days of satellite launches. Modern projects are more ambitious, aiming not only to explore but also to utilize space for practical and commercial purposes. The rise of CubeSats and small satellites has revolutionized how we think about payloads. These miniature satellites are cost-effective and can be launched in large numbers, providing a wealth of data while significantly reducing the initial investment. However, as missions become more complex, the size and capabilities of payloads must also evolve while keeping costs low. Deep space exploration, in particular, requires more substantial data storage and processing capabilities. Every gram of weight adds to the financial burden, making it essential to optimize the size and functionality of payload components. Advances in materials science and miniaturization technologies have enabled the creation of lighter, more efficient components while traditional systems are often too bulky or inadequate for the vast amounts of data generated by modern instruments. Innovative solutions, such as high-capacity solid-state drives (SSDs) and advanced data compression algorithms, are now being integrated into payload designs to meet these demands. Capturing, storing, processing, and transmitting this information through a secure data chain connecting satellites, ships, planes, ground control, and more requires a complex system of onboard microelectronics and processing technology. This includes IR and microwave sensors, storage data recorders, RF to digital conversion, digital to RF reconversion, low-latency processors, and memory, all of which must be durable and reliable under the toughest of conditions: space. Mercury has delivered more than 20,000 RF and processing components into LEO, MEO, GEO, and manned space missions with zero on-orbit failures or anomalies. Mercury's space-qualified components include: Signal Processing ▪ Solid state power amplifiers ▪ LNAs, filters, multiplexers ▪ Ferrites ▪ Frequency converters ▪ Integrated assemblies ▪ SpaceVPX processing boards Data Management ▪ Storage/data recorders ▪ Memory DATA MANAGEMENT SIGNAL PROCES SING Managing signals and big data in space Effective communication is the backbone of any successful space mission. In the harsh and unforgiving environment of space, transmitting and receiving signals accurately is paramount. Radio frequency (RF) and microwave components are essential for both short and long-range communications. The integration of microwave technology into space systems has allowed for faster signal conditioning, conversion, and processing. Essential for tasks such as telemetry, tracking, and scientific data transmission, these components ensure data is transmitted with minimal loss and maximum fidelity, enabling precise control of spacecraft and real-time data collection. The need for robust and reliable communication systems has also led to the development of advanced data management technologies. For instance, SpaceVPX, an open standard processing platform, has become pivotal in enhancing the reliability and performance of space systems. By standardizing components, SpaceVPX allows for better interoperability and easier upgrades, crucial for long-term space missions. SpaceVPX's modular approach also supports the development of more resilient and adaptable systems. By allowing for the easy replacement of faulty or outdated components, it ensures that space missions can continue with minimal disruption, even in the face of hardware failures.

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