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Developing LoRaWAN Devices Technical Recommendation TR007-1.1 ©2021-2025 LoRa Alliance ® Page 26 of 28 The authors reserve the right to change documents without notice. A LoRaWAN-enabled product SHOULD implement a QR code as described in the 831 LoRaWAN® Device Identification QR Codes [TR005]. 832 833

• Cover
• Contents
• 1 Conventions
• 1.1 Specification References
• 2 Introduction
• 3 Provisioning
• 3.1 Extended-Unique-Identifier (EUI)
• 3.2 Device Address (DevAddr)
• 3.3 Security Keys
• 3.4 OTAA Device Provisioning
• 3.4.1 Device EUI (DevEUI)
• 3.4.2 Join Server EUI (JoinEUI)
• 3.4.3 Root Key(s)
• 3.4.3.1 Root Key Generation
• 3.4.3.2 Root Key Delivery and Storage
• 3.5 ABP Devices
• 3.5.1 Device Address (DevAddr)
• 3.5.2 Session Keys
• 3.6 Physical Provisioning
• 4 LoRaWAN Protocol Stack
• 4.1 Join Procedure
• 4.1.1 Description
• 4.1.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.2 Fixed Channel Plan Join Process Optimization
• 4.2.1 Description
• 4.2.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.3 Detecting Loss of Network Connectivity
• 4.3.1 Description
• 4.3.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.4 Reacting to Loss of Network Connectivity
• 4.4.1 Description
• 4.4.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.5 Rolling Session Keys
• 4.5.1 Description
• 4.5.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.6 DevNonce Values SHALL Not Be Reused
• 4.6.1 Description
• 4.6.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.7 Avoiding Synchronous Behavior
• 4.7.1 Description
• 4.7.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.8 Avoiding Congestion Collapse
• 4.8.1 Description
• 4.8.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.9 Discontinuing Retransmissions
• 4.9.1 Description
• 4.9.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.10 Default Channels
• 4.10.1 Description
• 4.10.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.11 FcntUp/FcntDown SHALL Use 32 Bits
• 4.11.1 Description
• 4.11.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.12 Frame Counters Incremented Only With Frame Transmission
• 4.12.1 Description
• 4.12.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.13 OTAA REQUIRED Persistent Values
• 4.13.1 Description
• 4.13.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.14 ABP REQUIRED Persistent Values
• 4.14.1 Description
• 4.14.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.15 Adaptive Data Rate Support
• 4.15.1 Description
• 4.15.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.16 ADR Back-Off
• 4.16.1 Description
• 4.16.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.17 Duty Cycle Limitations
• 4.17.1 Description
• 4.17.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.18 Transmit Power
• 4.18.1 Description
• 4.18.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.19 Class B/C Cell Update
• 4.19.1 Description
• 4.19.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.20 Maintaining Time Synchronization
• 4.20.1 Description
• 4.20.2 Recommended Practice
• 4.20.2.1 Periodic Validation
• 4.20.2.2 Downlink ping
• 4.20.2.3 Multicast-group Beaconing
• 5 General Product Security
• 5.1 External Schemes
• 5.2 Interfaces
• 5.3 Device Integrity
• 6 Glossary
• 7 Bibliography
• 7.1 References