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LoRaWAN ® Relay Technical Recommendations TR016-1.0.0 ©2026 LoRa Alliance ® Page 6 of 20 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. 3 Relay recommended use cases 131 3.1 General Considerations 132 133 LoRaWAN® Relay functionality extends network coverage in scenarios where the deployment 134 of additional gateways is not viable due to the lack of access to power infrastructure and the 135 absence of IP backhaul connectivity. 136 These challenges typically arise in scenarios characterized by: 137 • Limited or Non-existent Power Infrastructure 138 o Situations where access to a reliable power source is restricted, making the 139 operation of traditional gateways unfeasible. 140 • Lack of IP Backhaul Connectivity 141 o Situations where establishing a connection to the internet for a gateway is difficult 142 or impossible due to geographical constraints or cost considerations. 143 • Extreme Edge Coverage Requirements 144 o Situations when only a small number of end-devices require connectivity at the 145 periphery of a network and when the cost of deploying a dedicated gateway may 146 be excessive. 147 • Signal Obstructions 148 o Situations where signal attenuation issues are caused by physical barriers such 149 as: 150 ▪ Extra-thick walls in buildings 151 ▪ Underground locations, for example, deep wells. 152 ▪ Devices located inside metallic containers, which typically block radio 153 signals. 154 LoRaWAN® Relay offers a targeted solution to ensure coverage in these challenging 155 environments. The relay equipment operates as a standard LoRaWAN® end-device, 156 maintaining the security and low-power characteristics of the LoRaWAN® protocol. 157 158