Issue link: https://read.uberflip.com/i/1545681
LoRaWAN ® Device Identification QR Codes for Automated Onboarding Specification TS018- 1.0.0 ©2026 LoRa Alliance ® Page 6 of 17 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. 3 Background 133 134 LoRaWAN devices are generally manufactured in batches and personalized with their unique 135 DevEUI, JoinEUI, security key(s) and DevAddr at the time of manufacturing. 136 137 In order for devices to be accepted by the network, relevant device information must be shared 138 with each network element prior to device activation. This process is called provisioning. 139 140 The process of associating an owner and verifying permission to use a network is called 141 onboarding. During the onboarding process a generic provisioned device is associated with 142 its owner and, optionally, meta-data that eases the management or use of the device. These 143 devices may be offboarded when a user no longer desires to be responsible for the device. 144 145 Device attributes directly or indirectly identified by the QR (Quick Response) code SHALL be 146 valid when the device is put to use for the first time. Please note that they MAY change 147 throughout the lifecycle of the device, e.g., by changing the JoinEUI over-the-air or using 148 FUOTA to upgrade the firmware and the Device Profile [TS014]. Addressing issues that may 149 arise from such a change is outside the scope of this document. 150