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Understanding the project e design process Understanding building structures Organising the space e human interface Sustainable design Communicating design Understanding the space A typology of technical drawing Scale in technical drawing Before discussing some of the most common forms of technical drawing in interior design, it is worth emphasising that technical drawing is used throughout the design process. It is simply because this is the fi rst point in the design process at which technical drawing is encountered that the following exposition of drawing is placed here. It could equally well have come at other points of this book, and indeed drawing is referenced in Chapter 8, when presentation drawings are examined in more detail. e three most basic technical drawings that we might use are plans, elevations and sections. All three are scale drawings, and are therefore accurate representations of the proportions of spaces in either the horizontal or the vertical plane. Only occasionally do we draw the subject of a technical drawing at its full size. For interior designers this might be feasible when showing details of part of a scheme (for example, how two diff erent materials are treated at their junction), but clearly it will never be possible to show a complete interior at full size. Most drawings, therefore, represent their subject at some fraction of their true size. e 'scale' of the drawing indicates the ratio between a single unit of length on the drawing and the equivalent 'real-life' measurement. It is most usually expressed on the drawing as that ratio – for example, 1 : 25, where one centimetre on the drawing represents 25 cm in the actual space. Less commonly it might be expressed as a fraction – 1/ 25, where each unit of measurement on the drawing is shown at one twenty-fi h of its actual size (though essentially these are two diff erent ways of saying the same thing). Scale is sometimes represented graphically on the drawing as a 'scale bar'. Because it is so easy to casually photocopy drawings and either reduce or enlarge them in size at the same time (and therefore change the scale), the scale bar can be very useful as there is always a visual representation of the scale on the paper. Scale rules are used to facilitate accurate plo ing and measuring at scale. e rule comes ready marked with a linear representation of distance at various scales, so no calculations need to be made to change real-life size to paper size, or vice versa. Rules can be marked in metric units (millimetres or metres, as appropriate), or in feet and inches. In this la er case the scale ratio will be expressed as 'x inches to the foot' (for example ½" = 1' 0", which is a ratio of 1 : 24). 56