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LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Specification ©2018 LoRa™ Alliance Page 11 of 72 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. CLASS A – ALL END-DEVICES 300 All LoRaWAN end-devices MUST implement Class A features. 301

• Cover
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 LoRaWAN Classes
• 1.2 Conventions
• 2 Introduction on LoRaWAN options
• 2.1 LoRaWAN Classes
• 2.2 Specification scope
• Class A – All end-devices
• 3 Physical Message Formats
• 3.1 Uplink Messages
• 3.2 Downlink Messages
• 3.3 Receive Windows
• 3.3.1 First receive window channel, data rate, and start
• 3.3.2 Second receive window channel, data rate, and start
• 3.3.3 Receive window duration
• 3.3.4 Receiver activity during the receive windows
• 3.3.5 Network sending a message to an end-device
• 3.3.6 Important notice on receive windows
• 3.3.7 Receiving or transmitting other protocols
• 4 MAC Message Formats
• 4.1 MAC Layer (PHYPayload)
• 4.2 MAC Header (MHDR field)
• 4.2.1 Message type (MType bit field)
• 4.2.1.1 Join-request and join-accept messages
• 4.2.1.2 Data messages
• 4.2.2 Major version of data message (Major bit field)
• 4.3 MAC Payload of Data Messages (MACPayload)
• 4.3.1 Frame header (FHDR)
• 4.3.1.1 Adaptive data rate control in frame header (ADR, ADRACKReq in FCtrl)
• 4.3.1.2 Message acknowledge bit and acknowledgement procedure (ACK in FCtrl)
• 4.3.1.3 Retransmission procedure
• 4.3.1.4 Frame pending bit (FPending in FCtrl, downlink only)
• 4.3.1.5 Frame counter (FCnt)
• 4.3.1.6 Frame options (FOptsLen in FCtrl, FOpts)
• 4.3.2 Port field (FPort)
• 4.3.3 MAC Frame Payload Encryption (FRMPayload)
• 4.4 Message Integrity Code (MIC)
• 5 MAC Commands
• 5.1 Link Check commands (LinkCheckReq, LinkCheckAns)
• 5.2 Link ADR commands (LinkADRReq, LinkADRAns)
• 5.3 End-Device Transmit Duty Cycle (DutyCycleReq, DutyCycleAns)
• 5.4 Receive Windows Parameters (RXParamSetupReq, RXParamSetupAns)
• 5.5 End-Device Status (DevStatusReq, DevStatusAns)
• 5.6 Creation / Modification of a Channel (NewChannelReq, NewChannelAns, DlChannelReq, DlChannelAns)
• 5.7 Setting delay between TX and RX (RXTimingSetupReq, RXTimingSetupAns)
• 5.8 End-device transmission parameters (TxParamSetupReq, TxParamSetupAns)
• 5.9 DeviceTime commands (DeviceTimeReq, DeviceTimeAns)
• 6 End-Device Activation
• 6.1 Data Stored in the End-device after Activation
• 6.1.1 End-device address (DevAddr)
• 6.1.2 Application identifier (AppEUI)
• 6.1.3 Network session key (NwkSKey)
• 6.1.4 Application session key (AppSKey)
• 6.2 Over-the-Air Activation
• 6.2.1 End-device identifier (DevEUI)
• 6.2.2 Application key (AppKey)
• 6.2.3 Join procedure
• 6.2.4 Join-request message
• 6.2.5 Join-accept message
• 6.3 Activation by Personalization
• 7 Retransmissions back-off
• Class B – Beacon
• 8 Introduction to Class B
• 9 Principle of synchronous network initiated downlink (Class-B option)
• 10 Uplink frame in Class B mode
• 11 Downlink Ping frame format (Class B option)
• 11.1 Physical frame format
• 11.2 Unicast & Multicast MAC messages
• 11.2.1 Unicast MAC message format
• 11.2.2 Multicast MAC message format
• 12 Beacon acquisition and tracking
• 12.1 Minimal beacon-less operation time
• 12.2 Extension of beacon-less operation upon reception
• 12.3 Minimizing timing drift
• 13 Class B Downlink slot timing
• 13.1 Definitions
• 13.2 Slot randomization
• 14 Class B MAC commands
• 14.1 PingSlotInfoReq
• 14.2 BeaconFreqReq
• 14.3 PingSlotChannelReq
• 14.4 BeaconTimingReq & BeaconTimingAns
• 15 Beaconing (Class B option)
• 15.1 Beacon physical layer
• 15.2 Beacon frame content
• 15.3 Beacon GwSpecific field format
• 15.3.1 Gateway GPS coordinate:InfoDesc = 0, 1 or 2
• 15.3.2 NetID+GatewayID
• 15.4 Beaconing precise timing
• 15.5 Network downlink route update requirements
• 16 Class B unicast & multicast downlink channel frequencies
• 16.1 Single channel beacon transmission
• 16.2 Frequency-hopping beacon transmission
• Class C – Continuously listening
• 17 Class C: Continuously listening end-device
• 17.1 Second receive window duration for Class C
• 17.2 Class C Multicast downlinks
• Support information
• 18 Examples and Application Information
• 18.1 Uplink Timing Diagram for Confirmed Data Messages
• 18.2 Downlink Diagram for Confirmed Data Messages
• 18.3 Downlink Timing for Frame-Pending Messages
• 18.4 Data-Rate Adaptation during Message Retransmissions
• 19 Recommendation on contract to be provided to the network server by the end-device provider at the time of provisioning
• 20 Recommendation on finding the locally used channels
• 21 Revisions
• 21.1 Revision 1.0
• 21.2 Revision 1.0.1
• 21.3 Revision 1.0.2
• 21.4 Revision 1.0.3
• 22 Glossary
• 23 Bibliography
• 23.1 References
• 24 NOTICE OF USE AND DISCLOSURE