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LoRaWAN® Specification v1.0.3

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LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Specification ©2018 LoRa™ Alliance Page 9 of 72 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. 2 Introduction on LoRaWAN options 265 LoRa™ is a wireless modulation for long-range low-power low-data-rate applications 266 developed by Semtech. Devices implementing more than Class A are generally named 267 "higher Class end-devices" in this document. 268 2.1 LoRaWAN Classes 269 A LoRa network distinguishes between a basic LoRaWAN (named Class A) and optional 270 features (Class B, Class C …): 271 Application LoRa MAC LoRa Modulation EU 868 EU 433 US 915 AS 430 … Class B (beacon) Class C (Continuous) Application MAC MAC options Modulation Regional ISM band Class A (baseline) 272 Figure 1: LoRaWAN Classes 273 • Bi-directional end-devices (Class A): End-devices of Class A allow for bi-directional 274 communications whereby each end-device's uplink transmission is followed by two 275 short downlink receive windows. The transmission slot scheduled by the end-device is 276 based on its own communication needs with a small variation based on a random time 277 basis (ALOHA-type of protocol). This Class A operation is the lowest power end-device 278 system for applications that only require downlink communication from the server 279 shortly after the end-device has sent an uplink transmission. Downlink communications 280 from the server at any other time will have to wait until the next scheduled uplink. 281 • Bi-directional end-devices with scheduled receive slots (Class B): End-devices of 282 Class B allow for more receive slots. In addition to the Class A random receive 283 windows, Class B devices open extra receive windows at scheduled times. In order for 284 the End-device to open it receive window at the scheduled time it receives a time 285 synchronized Beacon from the gateway. This allows the server to know when the end- 286 device is listening. 287 • Bi-directional end-devices with maximal receive slots (Class C): End-devices of 288 Class C have nearly continuously open receive windows, only closed when 289 transmitting. Class C end-device will use more power to operate than Class A or Class 290 B but they offer the lowest latency for server to end-device communication. 291

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