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LoRaWAN 1.0.3 Specification ©2018 LoRa™ Alliance Page 43 of 72 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. 10 Uplink frame in Class B mode 1180 The uplink frames in Class B mode are same as the Class A uplinks with the exception of 1181 the RFU bit in the FCtrl field in the Frame header. In the Class A uplink this bit is unused 1182 (RFU). This bit is used for Class B uplinks. 1183 1184 Bit# 7 6 5 4 3..0 FCtrl ADR ADRACKReq ACK Class B FOptsLen Figure 12 : class B FCtrl fields 1185 The Class B bit set to 1 in an uplink signals the Network Server that the device as switched 1186 to Class B mode and is now ready to receive scheduled downlink pings. 1187 1188 The signification of the FPending bit for downlink is unaltered and still signals that one or 1189 more downlink frames are queued for this device in the server. 1190 1191

• Cover
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 LoRaWAN Classes
• 1.2 Conventions
• 2 Introduction on LoRaWAN options
• 2.1 LoRaWAN Classes
• 2.2 Specification scope
• Class A – All end-devices
• 3 Physical Message Formats
• 3.1 Uplink Messages
• 3.2 Downlink Messages
• 3.3 Receive Windows
• 3.3.1 First receive window channel, data rate, and start
• 3.3.2 Second receive window channel, data rate, and start
• 3.3.3 Receive window duration
• 3.3.4 Receiver activity during the receive windows
• 3.3.5 Network sending a message to an end-device
• 3.3.6 Important notice on receive windows
• 3.3.7 Receiving or transmitting other protocols
• 4 MAC Message Formats
• 4.1 MAC Layer (PHYPayload)
• 4.2 MAC Header (MHDR field)
• 4.2.1 Message type (MType bit field)
• 4.2.1.1 Join-request and join-accept messages
• 4.2.1.2 Data messages
• 4.2.2 Major version of data message (Major bit field)
• 4.3 MAC Payload of Data Messages (MACPayload)
• 4.3.1 Frame header (FHDR)
• 4.3.1.1 Adaptive data rate control in frame header (ADR, ADRACKReq in FCtrl)
• 4.3.1.2 Message acknowledge bit and acknowledgement procedure (ACK in FCtrl)
• 4.3.1.3 Retransmission procedure
• 4.3.1.4 Frame pending bit (FPending in FCtrl, downlink only)
• 4.3.1.5 Frame counter (FCnt)
• 4.3.1.6 Frame options (FOptsLen in FCtrl, FOpts)
• 4.3.2 Port field (FPort)
• 4.3.3 MAC Frame Payload Encryption (FRMPayload)
• 4.4 Message Integrity Code (MIC)
• 5 MAC Commands
• 5.1 Link Check commands (LinkCheckReq, LinkCheckAns)
• 5.2 Link ADR commands (LinkADRReq, LinkADRAns)
• 5.3 End-Device Transmit Duty Cycle (DutyCycleReq, DutyCycleAns)
• 5.4 Receive Windows Parameters (RXParamSetupReq, RXParamSetupAns)
• 5.5 End-Device Status (DevStatusReq, DevStatusAns)
• 5.6 Creation / Modification of a Channel (NewChannelReq, NewChannelAns, DlChannelReq, DlChannelAns)
• 5.7 Setting delay between TX and RX (RXTimingSetupReq, RXTimingSetupAns)
• 5.8 End-device transmission parameters (TxParamSetupReq, TxParamSetupAns)
• 5.9 DeviceTime commands (DeviceTimeReq, DeviceTimeAns)
• 6 End-Device Activation
• 6.1 Data Stored in the End-device after Activation
• 6.1.1 End-device address (DevAddr)
• 6.1.2 Application identifier (AppEUI)
• 6.1.3 Network session key (NwkSKey)
• 6.1.4 Application session key (AppSKey)
• 6.2 Over-the-Air Activation
• 6.2.1 End-device identifier (DevEUI)
• 6.2.2 Application key (AppKey)
• 6.2.3 Join procedure
• 6.2.4 Join-request message
• 6.2.5 Join-accept message
• 6.3 Activation by Personalization
• 7 Retransmissions back-off
• Class B – Beacon
• 8 Introduction to Class B
• 9 Principle of synchronous network initiated downlink (Class-B option)
• 10 Uplink frame in Class B mode
• 11 Downlink Ping frame format (Class B option)
• 11.1 Physical frame format
• 11.2 Unicast & Multicast MAC messages
• 11.2.1 Unicast MAC message format
• 11.2.2 Multicast MAC message format
• 12 Beacon acquisition and tracking
• 12.1 Minimal beacon-less operation time
• 12.2 Extension of beacon-less operation upon reception
• 12.3 Minimizing timing drift
• 13 Class B Downlink slot timing
• 13.1 Definitions
• 13.2 Slot randomization
• 14 Class B MAC commands
• 14.1 PingSlotInfoReq
• 14.2 BeaconFreqReq
• 14.3 PingSlotChannelReq
• 14.4 BeaconTimingReq & BeaconTimingAns
• 15 Beaconing (Class B option)
• 15.1 Beacon physical layer
• 15.2 Beacon frame content
• 15.3 Beacon GwSpecific field format
• 15.3.1 Gateway GPS coordinate:InfoDesc = 0, 1 or 2
• 15.3.2 NetID+GatewayID
• 15.4 Beaconing precise timing
• 15.5 Network downlink route update requirements
• 16 Class B unicast & multicast downlink channel frequencies
• 16.1 Single channel beacon transmission
• 16.2 Frequency-hopping beacon transmission
• Class C – Continuously listening
• 17 Class C: Continuously listening end-device
• 17.1 Second receive window duration for Class C
• 17.2 Class C Multicast downlinks
• Support information
• 18 Examples and Application Information
• 18.1 Uplink Timing Diagram for Confirmed Data Messages
• 18.2 Downlink Diagram for Confirmed Data Messages
• 18.3 Downlink Timing for Frame-Pending Messages
• 18.4 Data-Rate Adaptation during Message Retransmissions
• 19 Recommendation on contract to be provided to the network server by the end-device provider at the time of provisioning
• 20 Recommendation on finding the locally used channels
• 21 Revisions
• 21.1 Revision 1.0
• 21.2 Revision 1.0.1
• 21.3 Revision 1.0.2
• 21.4 Revision 1.0.3
• 22 Glossary
• 23 Bibliography
• 23.1 References
• 24 NOTICE OF USE AND DISCLOSURE