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LoRaWAN ® L2 1.0.4 Specification © 2020 LoRa Alliance ® Page 11 of 90 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. CLASS A – ALL END-DEVICES 357 358 All LoRaWAN end-devices SHALL implement all Class A features not explicitly marked 359 optional. 360 361 Note: Physical packet format, MAC frame format and other parts of this 362 specification that are common to both end-devices of Class A and higher 363 Classes are described only in the LoRaWAN Class A specification in 364 order to avoid redundancy. 365

• Cover
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Conventions
• 2 Introduction to LoRaWAN Options
• 2.1 LoRaWAN Classes
• Class A – All end-devices
• 3 Physical Packet Formats
• 3.1 Uplink Packets
• 3.2 Downlink Packets
• 3.3 Receive Windows
• 3.3.1 Receiver activity during receive windows
• 3.3.2 First receive-window channel, data rate, and start
• 3.3.3 Second receive window channel, data rate, and start
• 3.3.4 Receive window duration
• 3.3.5 Network transmitting to an end-device
• 3.3.6 Important notice regarding receive windows
• 3.3.7 Receiving or transmitting other protocols
• 4 MAC Frame Formats
• 4.1 PHY Payload (PHYPayload)
• 4.2 MAC Header (MHDR field)
• 4.2.1 Frame types (FType bit field)
• 4.2.1.1 Join-Request and Join-Accept frames
• 4.2.1.2 Data frames
• 4.2.2 Major data frame version (Major bit field)
• 4.3 MAC Payload of Data Frames (MACPayload)
• 4.3.1 Frame header (FHDR)
• 4.3.1.1 Adaptive data-rate control in frame header (ADR, ADRACKReq in FCtrl)
• 4.3.1.2 Frame acknowledge bit and acknowledgment procedure (ACK in FCtrl)
• 4.3.1.3 Retransmission procedure
• 4.3.1.4 Frame pending bit (FPending in FCtrl, downlink only)
• 4.3.1.5 Frame counter (FCnt)
• 4.3.1.6 Frame options (FOptsLen in FCtrl, FOpts)
• 4.3.1.7 Class B enabled bit (ClassB in FCtrl, uplink only)
• 4.3.2 Port field (FPort)
• 4.3.3 MAC frame payload encryption (FRMPayload)
• 4.4 Message Integrity Code (MIC)
• 5 MAC Commands
• 5.1 Link Check Commands (LinkCheckReq, LinkCheckAns)
• 5.2 Link ADR Commands (LinkADRReq, LinkADRAns)
• 5.3 End-Device Transmit Duty Cycle (DutyCycleReq, DutyCycleAns)
• 5.4 Receive Windows Parameters (RXParamSetupReq, RXParamSetupAns)
• 5.5 End-Device Status (DevStatusReq, DevStatusAns)
• 5.6 Creation / Modification of a Channel (NewChannelReq, NewChannelAns, DlChannelReq, DlChannelAns)
• 5.7 Setting Delay between TX and RX (RXTimingSetupReq, RXTimingSetupAns)
• 5.8 End-Device Transmit Parameters (TXParamSetupReq, TXParamSetupAns)
• 5.9 End-Device Time Commands (DeviceTimeReq, DeviceTimeAns)
• 6 End-Device Activation
• 6.1 Data Stored in End-Device after Activation
• 6.1.1 End-device address (DevAddr)
• 6.1.2 Network session key (NwkSKey)
• 6.1.3 Application session key (AppSKey)
• 6.2 Over-the-Air Activation
• 6.2.1 End-device identifier (DevEUI)
• 6.2.2 Join-Server identifier (JoinEUI)
• 6.2.3 Application key (AppKey)
• 6.2.4 Join procedure
• 6.2.5 Join-Request frame
• 6.2.6 Join-Accept frame
• 6.2.7 Join procedure completion for Class C
• 6.3 Activation by Personalization
• 7 Retransmissions Backoff
• Class B – Beacon
• 8 Introduction to Class B
• 8.1 Principle of Synchronous Network-initiated Class B Downlinks
• 9 Class B Frame Formats
• 9.1 Uplink Frames
• 9.2 Downlink Frames
• 9.3 Downlink Ping Frames
• 9.3.1 Unicast downlink ping frame format
• 9.3.2 Multicast downlink ping frame format
• 10 Class B Beacon Acquisition and Tracking
• 10.1 Minimal Beaconless Operation Time
• 10.2 Extension of Beaconless Operation upon Receipt
• 10.3 Minimizing Timing Drift
• 11 Class B Downlink Slot Timing
• 11.1 Definitions
• 11.2 Slot Randomization
• 12 Class B MAC Commands
• 12.1 PingSlotInfoReq
• 12.2 BeaconFreqReq
• 12.3 PingSlotChannelReq
• 12.4 BeaconTimingReq and BeaconTimingAns
• 13 Class B Beaconing
• 13.1 Beacon Physical Layer
• 13.2 Beacon Frame Format
• 13.3 Beacon GwSpecific Field Format
• 13.3.1 Gateway GPS coordinate: InfoDesc=0, 1 or 2
• 13.3.2 NetID + GatewayID
• 13.4 Beacon Encoding Examples
• 13.5 Beaconing Precise Timing
• 13.6 Network Downlink Route Update Requirements
• 14 Class B Unicast and Multicast Downlink Channel Frequencies
• 14.1 Single-Channel Beacon Transmission
• 14.2 Frequency-Hopping Beacon Transmission
• Class C – Continuously listening
• 15 Continuously Listening End-Device (Class C)
• 15.1 Class C Multicast Downlinks
• Support information
• 16 Informative Examples
• 16.1 Uplink Timing Diagram for Unconfirmed Data Frames
• 16.2 Uplink Timing Diagram for Confirmed Data Frames
• 16.3 Downlink Diagram for Confirmed Data Frames
• 16.4 Downlink Timing for Frame-Pending Frames
• 17 Revisions
• 17.1 Revision 1.0
• 17.2 Revision 1.0.1
• 17.3 Revision 1.0.2
• 17.4 Revision 1.0.3
• 17.5 Revision 1.0.4
• 18 Glossary
• 19 Bibliography