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LoRaWAN ® L2 1.0.4 Specification © 2020 LoRa Alliance ® Page 56 of 90 The authors reserve the right to change specifications without notice. 9.3.2 Multicast downlink ping frame format 1776 Multicast frames share most of the unicast frame format with a few exceptions: 1777 They SHALL NOT carry MAC commands in the FOpts field nor in the payload on port 0 1778 because a multicast downlink does not have the same authentication robustness as a 1779 unicast frame. The end-device SHALL discard any multicast frame carrying MAC 1780 commands. 1781 The ACK bit SHALL be 0 and the FType field SHALL have the value Unconfirmed Data 1782 Down, see Table 4: MAC frame types. The end-device SHALL discard the multicast frame 1783 otherwise. 1784

• Cover
• 1 Introduction
• 1.1 Conventions
• 2 Introduction to LoRaWAN Options
• 2.1 LoRaWAN Classes
• Class A – All end-devices
• 3 Physical Packet Formats
• 3.1 Uplink Packets
• 3.2 Downlink Packets
• 3.3 Receive Windows
• 3.3.1 Receiver activity during receive windows
• 3.3.2 First receive-window channel, data rate, and start
• 3.3.3 Second receive window channel, data rate, and start
• 3.3.4 Receive window duration
• 3.3.5 Network transmitting to an end-device
• 3.3.6 Important notice regarding receive windows
• 3.3.7 Receiving or transmitting other protocols
• 4 MAC Frame Formats
• 4.1 PHY Payload (PHYPayload)
• 4.2 MAC Header (MHDR field)
• 4.2.1 Frame types (FType bit field)
• 4.2.1.1 Join-Request and Join-Accept frames
• 4.2.1.2 Data frames
• 4.2.2 Major data frame version (Major bit field)
• 4.3 MAC Payload of Data Frames (MACPayload)
• 4.3.1 Frame header (FHDR)
• 4.3.1.1 Adaptive data-rate control in frame header (ADR, ADRACKReq in FCtrl)
• 4.3.1.2 Frame acknowledge bit and acknowledgment procedure (ACK in FCtrl)
• 4.3.1.3 Retransmission procedure
• 4.3.1.4 Frame pending bit (FPending in FCtrl, downlink only)
• 4.3.1.5 Frame counter (FCnt)
• 4.3.1.6 Frame options (FOptsLen in FCtrl, FOpts)
• 4.3.1.7 Class B enabled bit (ClassB in FCtrl, uplink only)
• 4.3.2 Port field (FPort)
• 4.3.3 MAC frame payload encryption (FRMPayload)
• 4.4 Message Integrity Code (MIC)
• 5 MAC Commands
• 5.1 Link Check Commands (LinkCheckReq, LinkCheckAns)
• 5.2 Link ADR Commands (LinkADRReq, LinkADRAns)
• 5.3 End-Device Transmit Duty Cycle (DutyCycleReq, DutyCycleAns)
• 5.4 Receive Windows Parameters (RXParamSetupReq, RXParamSetupAns)
• 5.5 End-Device Status (DevStatusReq, DevStatusAns)
• 5.6 Creation / Modification of a Channel (NewChannelReq, NewChannelAns, DlChannelReq, DlChannelAns)
• 5.7 Setting Delay between TX and RX (RXTimingSetupReq, RXTimingSetupAns)
• 5.8 End-Device Transmit Parameters (TXParamSetupReq, TXParamSetupAns)
• 5.9 End-Device Time Commands (DeviceTimeReq, DeviceTimeAns)
• 6 End-Device Activation
• 6.1 Data Stored in End-Device after Activation
• 6.1.1 End-device address (DevAddr)
• 6.1.2 Network session key (NwkSKey)
• 6.1.3 Application session key (AppSKey)
• 6.2 Over-the-Air Activation
• 6.2.1 End-device identifier (DevEUI)
• 6.2.2 Join-Server identifier (JoinEUI)
• 6.2.3 Application key (AppKey)
• 6.2.4 Join procedure
• 6.2.5 Join-Request frame
• 6.2.6 Join-Accept frame
• 6.2.7 Join procedure completion for Class C
• 6.3 Activation by Personalization
• 7 Retransmissions Backoff
• Class B – Beacon
• 8 Introduction to Class B
• 8.1 Principle of Synchronous Network-initiated Class B Downlinks
• 9 Class B Frame Formats
• 9.1 Uplink Frames
• 9.2 Downlink Frames
• 9.3 Downlink Ping Frames
• 9.3.1 Unicast downlink ping frame format
• 9.3.2 Multicast downlink ping frame format
• 10 Class B Beacon Acquisition and Tracking
• 10.1 Minimal Beaconless Operation Time
• 10.2 Extension of Beaconless Operation upon Receipt
• 10.3 Minimizing Timing Drift
• 11 Class B Downlink Slot Timing
• 11.1 Definitions
• 11.2 Slot Randomization
• 12 Class B MAC Commands
• 12.1 PingSlotInfoReq
• 12.2 BeaconFreqReq
• 12.3 PingSlotChannelReq
• 12.4 BeaconTimingReq and BeaconTimingAns
• 13 Class B Beaconing
• 13.1 Beacon Physical Layer
• 13.2 Beacon Frame Format
• 13.3 Beacon GwSpecific Field Format
• 13.3.1 Gateway GPS coordinate: InfoDesc=0, 1 or 2
• 13.3.2 NetID + GatewayID
• 13.4 Beacon Encoding Examples
• 13.5 Beaconing Precise Timing
• 13.6 Network Downlink Route Update Requirements
• 14 Class B Unicast and Multicast Downlink Channel Frequencies
• 14.1 Single-Channel Beacon Transmission
• 14.2 Frequency-Hopping Beacon Transmission
• Class C – Continuously listening
• 15 Continuously Listening End-Device (Class C)
• 15.1 Class C Multicast Downlinks
• Support information
• 16 Informative Examples
• 16.1 Uplink Timing Diagram for Unconfirmed Data Frames
• 16.2 Uplink Timing Diagram for Confirmed Data Frames
• 16.3 Downlink Diagram for Confirmed Data Frames
• 16.4 Downlink Timing for Frame-Pending Frames
• 17 Revisions
• 17.1 Revision 1.0
• 17.2 Revision 1.0.1
• 17.3 Revision 1.0.2
• 17.4 Revision 1.0.3
• 17.5 Revision 1.0.4
• 18 Glossary
• 19 Bibliography